A recent report on the socio-economic consequences of climate change argues that the Paris climate agreement could make millions of forest dwellers in Liberia and Democratic Republic of Congo homeless and without amenities of life. This raises the important question of environmental justice and indigenous rights. Climate change is relatively a new policy initiative; the nature of global climate governance is evolving every year and at present has become state-centred and involves grassroots/bottom-up perspectives. Many developing countries are trying to achieve their carbon targets by setting aside forested lands as reserves and protected areas. But environmental experts are concerned that designating natural spaces as reserves often entails removing the people who depend on those lands. Designating forest areas as environmentally protected could displace as many as 1.3 million in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of Congo alone. Liberia has the largest forest area amongst West African nations due to persistent efforts of its indigenous communities. Developing nations as a group must ensure that developed nations live up to their commitments and do not escape their promise of action based on historic responsibility. The increasingly fragmentary nature of national climate action leaves it open to influences, monetary and technical, as observed in the case of Liberia and DRC. International donors must ensure that they do not violate the principles of environmental justice and follow legal guidelines on indigenous rights. Environmental justice necessarily includes a distributive conception of justice but also embraces concepts/ideas of justice based on recognition, capabilities and participation. Any action that has the potential to displace millions without rehabilitation should refocus attention on human rights of indigenous people. International financing of environmental projects in Africa, Latin America or Asia must bear in mind that poor and marginalized communities are more prone to hazardous exposure from environmental pollution; and historically indigenous communities have been denied the opportunity to participate in decisions that directly affect their lives and livelihood. Thus to the greatest extent that is permitted by law and practice, indigenous people should be given an opportunity to present their views before an environmental project/plan is initiated. The need for substantive climate action should not be diminished/lessened after the Paris climate deal; suitable climate actions are required to reduce carbon emissions and the earth&’s rising temperature. New initiatives need more investments in green technology, carbon markets and ambitious commitments from the governments and the private sector. In the case of India, the NDA government must ensure that its next steps are decisive, follow a comprehensive framework of action developed by environmental experts, and engage non-state actors and sub-national stakeholders. A genuine climate action should reduce emissions and make the communities most vulnerable to climate change more adaptive.